New information has emerged recently about extracellular vesicles (the other “EV”) and their importance in warding off pathogens in our nasal mucosal barrier during the cold and dry Wisconsin winter. Even though EVs are released by most cells and organisms across the kingdoms, scientific understanding of the role and application of EVs has shifted due to new evidence on cell-cell communication and host-pathogen interactions. This presentation is designed to update teachers about the latest applications of EVs in everything from disease detection to therapeutics, and especially to provide an example of how science can take a long time to demonstrate why our grandmas were right to make us wear scarves in winter. EVs as an example of NGSS standards LS1-1, LS1-2, and LS4-1 will be demonstrated throughout the presentation.
